Referee Report Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Due to Diet - Free Essay Example

Initially, when choosing an academic article to read and analyze, I wanted to choose something that I would be really invested in. Throughout my life, my grandfather has battled non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and I wanted to research what are some possible onsets of this disease. Could it possibly be diet? Could it be hereditary? These are questions I intended to answer through my research. At the conclusion of my research, I narrowed my focus to one article, in particular, that used regressions from data collected to show the correlation between diet, among other things, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. â€Å"Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Nitrate and Nitrite From Drinking Water and Diet† by Mary H. Ward, James R. Cerhan, Joanne S. Colt, and Patricia Hartge explores diet and other impurities we consume as humans in Iowa, Detroit, Seattle, and Los Angeles from 1998 to 2000. While this study was initially done to observe nitrite and nitrate levels in water and diet in Iowa, Detroit, Seattle, and Los Angeles, Iowa was the only state observed whose nitrate levels were abnormal relative to the other states. Therefore, the study decided to isolate this state in their research and focus solely on Iowa’s diet and water composition. Nitrate is significant in this area because it is more rural, and most traces of nitrate come from fertilizer, waste, and air pollution. â€Å"This analysis was part of a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma conducted in 4 4 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) centers to investigate the role of environmental exposures in NHL risk.† (375) Water sources with over 70% nitrate levels since 1960 were studied. 117 item food questionnaires were used to determine how the population’s diet played a role in their health. â€Å"Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for the study matching factors, education, and caloric intake.† (375) By the conclusion of the study, it was determined that there was no correlation between drinking water and NHL. There was also no correlation between vitamin c, red meat, and NHL. However, it was concluded that bread and cereal did hold significant value in determining NHL susceptibility. There were many parts of this report that I was able to appreciate. There were a lot of numbers and scientific fact included in the research. This shows me that research was done prior to this and that the review of the research was very thorough. This shows me that this report was not only made for health economists, but scientists and researchers as well. I appreciated the way they used a complete list of residences and the times they lived at these specific residences. They also used very specific dates, different from just a calendar year, to group the population into certain age groups. Data was collected from 28 years prior to when the study was conducted to have a large sample size of data. Every single type of water was examined, from private wells, public water, bottled water, and any other type of water that does not directly fit into one of these categories. (376) Concerning diet, an extensive food questionnaire was put into place that even took dietary and vitamin supplem ent intake into consideration. The focus of the dietary portion of the research was water intake, meat preparation methods, doneness of food/meat, and vegetable intake. Some vegetables have higher nitrate levels than others. (377) It is actually possible to have an increased risk of NHL from too much or too little vitamin C intake. (378) :The use of monitoring data for assessing exposure to nitrate has several limitations. Distribution samples taken at one or more taps quarterly or annually (as is required) may not adequately reflect exposure if there is substantial seasonal or spatial variation.† (381) I was pleased to see that the study was able to address the struggles they faced during research and the shortcomings they may have experienced. Throughout the study, I noticed parts that were not cohesive with the rest of the study or that may have hindered the overall message that it was trying to send so I appreciate the self-reflection on the part of the researchers.  "Our results for NHL in Iowa do not confirm results from our previous study in Nebraska in which NHL risk increased with increasing nitrate levels in public supplies†¦ additional studies of populations with higher exposure levels would be informative.† (382) There was also a study conducted in Nebraska that concluded the exact opposite results so for the researchers to acknowledge that is a step in the right direction for possibly one day correcting their deficiencies and getting an exact result on if these factors correlate to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There were a few parts of the article that I did not like as well. There were many science terms that I was not familiar with. I wish I had more of a science background to be able to understand most of the reactions the article was saying would happen with nitrate and nitrite within the body to be able to form NHL. It required me to pay attention to trends within the numbers instead of actually understanding why things are happening the way they are. I do not like that they only focused on Iowa instead of the other 3 states. I feel like you are cutting out a good chunk of your sample size by negating the data from 3 states just because they were not rural enough. During testing, more women were tested than men were and more whites were tested than other racial groups. Having different genetic make-ups, I feel that only focusing on one gender or racial group would skew the results. The study focused mostly on private wells within Iowa since public water supplies were expected to be controlled as far as water impurities and composition. I feel that th is is an egregious error in assuming and could very well effect the outcome of the results. Increasing nitrite caused an increase in the risk of NHL. Most of this nitrite came from nitrite rich breads and cereals. (380) â€Å"A small percentage of the study population had more than a few years of exposure to nitrate levels.† (380) I do not see how a study can say that it is legitimate if most of the population had even been exposed to nitrate long enough for it to affect their body and possibly give them NHL. â€Å"Our study could not evaluate risk at nitrate levels above the maximum contaminant level due to the lack of historical exposure data for private wells and the infrequent exposure above this level among public water supply users.† (381) This particular research group had done 3 previous tests of the same kind in different geographic locations and the results were all different. (380) That makes me question the validity of the research. As previously stated, I did not understand many of the scientific terms that were used in the research. I also did not understand the 4 pathologic groups that were used in the study: follicular, diffuse, t-cell, and other classifications. It seemed that they wanted to be very specific in certain aspects of the study, such as food questionnaires, but then take shortcuts in other aspects, such as cutting out  ¾ of your sample size by not testing the other states. They focused on NHL cases without HIV in ages 20-74. I am not sure what having HIV has to do with NHL. I would assume these are two very separate diseases and do not correlate at all. This also cutting out your sample size. It was determined that most private wells had no nitrate, some had a bit of nitrate, and only 8 wells had concerning levels of nitrate. (377) This goes against the notion that the other 3 testing areas would not have offered any insight into nitrate levels because the rural area they tested ended up havin g less nitrate than the city. They used unconditional logic regression. I have gone over regressions in Econ Stats and Econometrics but have not encountered this regression yet. Therefore, I was confused as to how this regression is actually used. They also used body mass as a category of the population. I am not sure why this was used because I feel that if you have a higher body mass you will eat or drink more food that potentially contains pollutants, so it will eventually even out and body mass will not have to be taken into account. It is not as if everyone is eating or drinking the same amount. They eat or drink according to their body mass so it does not need to be accounted for. Smoking was introduced halfway into the study and I am not sure why this was not addressed earlier into the study because smoking has shown direct correlations to cancer so this was vital information that needed to be presented to the reader at the beginning of the article. (377) Overall, the effort of the study was there. Intentions were good, but execution could have been better. There was a lot of over focusing on one aspect while not enough focus was placed in other areas. Allocation of resources, labor, and time management could have made this study a lot more effective and worthwhile because ultimately, the conclusion did not yield anything significant since their previous 3 studies all showed different results.

Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize - Free Essay Example

Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize winning economist whose name is among those reaching the peaks of macroeconomics and beyond through his work on international trade among other topics. He is a professor of economics at City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times. The Prize he received was due to his work in explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economies scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Krugmans influence on international trade has helped garner a better understanding of free trade, urbanization and how worldwide trade is dominated by countries of similar conditions and products. The trade theory was based on, as of the mid-1970s, on the notion of comparative advantage. Up until then, David Ricardos theory from the 19th century and Heckscher-Ohlin theory from the 1920s held more weight due to the assumption of trade being conducted either in terms of technology or factor endowments. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than a competitor can. Ricardos theory stated that countries can specialize on the production of goods it produces efficiently and buy the goods it produces less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries it could efficiently produce itself. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory summed down to a capital abundant country exporting relatively capital-intensive goods and importing labor-intensive goods while assuming that both countries hold identical technology. The left side shows that the best place for coconuts is the trading with the best place for wool. Both of their items has to do a lot with the climate due to their geographic location. On the other hand, the right side shows that countries can be similar in abilities but they tend to pick a good that requires large scale production and focus on it so that different countries can come to them for that particular good. For example, Germany luxury cars trading with America for their aircrafts. The new trade began to emerge in the 1970s and was developed by Paul Krugman. This theory focuses on increasing returns to scale and network effects. Before this theory, the only reason trade was seen as a benefit was due to comparative advantage which means countries traded only what they were good at. These theories provided good explanations of the trade patterns in the first half of the 20th century. But as many researchers began to observe, comparative advantage seemed less relevant in the modern world. Today, most trade takes place between countries with similar technologies and similar factor proportions; quite similar goods are often both exported and imported by the same country. Paul Krugman developed that trade is due to increasing returns to scale, not the differences between the countries. He established a technology that indicates that it is cheaper to operate at large scale when extra units of a good are produced. When countries focus on the production of large quantities of specific products, it reduces production costs allowing for them to reap greater economies of scale. As a result, even if there are not differences in endowments, including culture and institutions, international trade is still beneficial. This is a form specialization which also helps to gain other network benefits while attaining a gain in economies of scale. The rate of scale is an increase in production which is related to the increase in factors of production. This is a relationship between input and output. There is a certain amount of input where the output remains constant so the best place for companies plugging in these inputs is to do it with the least amount of input generating the most output which in this case is at the number 3 for the scale of inputs. The new trade theory could also be said to show a role of government through their support in the growth of vital industries and in the promotion of new industries. There are many Asian economies who had protection and support from their governments which provides sustenance to this element of the new trade theory. For example, the support of the Japans government in the car industry. This evidence backs up the belief that a few years of support through tariff protection and domestic subsidies could be the encouragement needed in capital-intensive industries. There is also a downfall to government support because it could create a tendency for powerful businesses to rely on state support which could encourage inefficiency. The infant industry is another argument that justifies tariffs on imports to aid in the development of diverse industries. If a country could establish economies of scale through infrastructure then they can develop a comparative advantage and to do so they would place tariffs on countries where their industries have a dormant comparative advantage. While many developing countries have comparative advantage in minerals and agriculture, the long term production could be disadvantageous due to low-income elasticity of demand and unstable prices. The up and downs of supply and demand could be overcome if a developing country were to diversify the economy which could be done through a provision of a domestic market in lieu of a lack of capital markets through tariffs that will be reduced once the industries become more efficient. Urbanization, which has played a big part through specialization in the new trade theory, can be seen as a consequence of economic growth. It can also be seen as an extension of a process driven by technological and institutional changes in different countries. For example, specialization in the Silicon Valley surrounding the industry of IT expanded when Hewlett and Packard began the computer business. This is an outcome of network benefit which resulted in new firms popping up around older IT firms. The network effects can also be called the bandwagon effect where there is no intention to create value for others but it occurs anyway. The new trade theory also becomes an explanatory factor in the growth of globalization meaning that poor, underdeveloped countries that lag behind the economies of scale cannot hope to ever cultivate certain industries in their countries. There is not because of comparative advantage but due to the large economies of scale already owned by established firms. The increase in variety is a result of globalization. For example, there is heavy branding in the British and Italian labels so they hold a position in monopolistic competition even when they do not have a particular comparative advantage in producing clothes. The firms who have been a part of a certain industry for a long time have a certain advantage as opposed to new firms who cannot compete against these mature firms. The limited competition that global industries with great economies of scale face lead to a form of monopolistic competition. The element is very important in the new trade theory and it proposes that firms in their specialized industry are not just competing on simple price but also on branding and quality to out qualify the other and increase their demand. The number of firms in a competitive monopolistic industry and prices charged by them are affected by the size of market. The increase of the market size is credited to the opening up of a country to free trade. CC: AC= F/Q + c = n x F/S + c PP: P = c + 1/ (b x n). A type of imperfect rivalry, meaning monopolistic competition, is where many producers sell different products that are different from each another. There will be no single firm that controls the market and some firms will be larger than others. Aside from the automotive, pharmaceuticals and aerospace industries, another example is the fast food industry. On every corner of America, where there is a McDonalds, there will be a Burger King or Wendys or literally any other place that can serve food just as fast. The fast food restaurants will have something in their items that distinguishes them and that is a part of the new trade theory. The U.S. is big on imports more than exports which means there is a trade deficit. However, the investment of other countries is done in dollar so that makes Americas currency strong. The benefits of international trade outweigh the disadvantages that come with it. Paul Krugman influenced international trade through his analysis on trade patterns and location of economic activity. He revolutionized international trade by allowing other countries to take a step forward in strengthening their own economies through the commerce and trade. It has allowed underdeveloped countries to flourish and grow.

cars Essay - 1928 Words

History of Cars By Kenny Carroll Motor car, road vehicle which first appeared in the 19th Century. The steam propelled the first cars, but such vehicles were not a success and the age of the motor car really dates from the introduction of the petrol-driven horseless carriages of Gottfrield Daimler and Karl Benz (1885-86). The internal combustion engine for these cars had been developed earlier by several engineers, most notably by the German, Nickolaus Otto, in 1876. The main components of a motor car, from then till now, are a body or chassis to which are attached all other parts - including the engine or power plant, the transmission system for transferring the drive to the wheels, and the steering, braking and suspension mechanisms for†¦show more content†¦Daimler licensed the French firm of Panhard and Levassor to build his engine. Levassor placed it at the front of his crude car and it drove the rear road-wheels through a clutch and a gearbox. Thus in 1891 the first car to use modern engineering layout was seen. Within three years of the appearance of the first Panhard France was staging motor races on public road. At the turn of the century, petrol, steam and electric power shared almost equal popularity for powering cars. Steam was well tried and reliable and electric vehicles held the land speed record. France had several established motor manufacturers - Panhard, Peugeot, Renault, Daracq, Delahaye and others; in Germany Benz had made the worlds first standard production car, the Velo (1894), and the Daimler company was just about to present the Mercedes to the public (1901). In the United States (USA) the automobile would develop along different lines. There the car was seen not as a rich mans toy, but as a new method of communication in a continent in which travel had been restricted by a lack of roads and great distances. Great Britain (UK), slow to start, had legislated for the car in 1896 when the road speed limits were raised and soon such companies as Lanchester, Daimler (of Coventry), Wolseley and Napier were producing cars. Encouraged by the keen interest shown by King Edward VII, motoring in Britain became an accepted method of travel - for the rich. Some British manufacturers began to contest FrenchShow MoreRelatedThe Driving Of Car Cars911 Words   |  4 Pagesgrown into a young adult cars are something I eat, breath, and dream about cars. As I got older, I constantly am modifying and making sure my car is always clean as glass. I enjoy being around cars, there is always the jeopardies of being a car enthusiast are always being annoyingly cautious of cars, having constant money issues, and also getting into trouble. First, one problem that is facing most car guys is that they are on top of the actions that happen near their car. Car guys are constantly cleaningRead MoreCar Vehicle And Car Communication1565 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Car-to-car communication was a technology invented to warn drivers about upcoming collisions ahead of time so they could stop before anything happened. The car will stop a collision by having a car announce what position it’s in, its speed, the steering where position, and its brake status, to other cars that within a few hundred meters. The other cars receive the information and create a picture displaying what’s going on in its surroundings, showing something that the most carefulRead MoreDriverless Car : A Car Vehicle1383 Words   |  6 Pages What is driverless car? A driverless car, also known as autonomous car, is an automated or autonomous vehicle capable of fulfilling the main transportation capabilities of a traditional car. As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Robotic cars exit mainly as prototypes and demonstration system. Driverless cars senses their surroundings with such techniques as radar, GPS and computer vision to identify appropriate navigation paths, asRead MoreThe Electric Car973 Words   |  4 PagesThe electric car is arguably the most controversial product released in the car industry. Why, because the energy used to power these cars come from non-renewable energy sources which actually use more energy than a gasoline burning automobile. The EV1 was a modern fully electric vehicle produced by General Motors (GM) from the years 1996-1999. In 1999 General Motors recalled and destroyed all but 40 of this revolutionary product, because it was an economic failure. It was a failure because itRead MoreThe Electric Car1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn 10 years, it is believed that the electric car will slowly start to push the gasoline/petrol vehicle to the curb, and it will do it with style and swagger. In this ever growing age of technology and advancement, more and more people are either looking very seriously into or have already transitioned from ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles. The transition is seemingly a slow one for the majority of the public and although it is understandable, it is also inevitable. Combustion engine vehiclesRead MoreElectric Cars737 Words   |  3 Pagesor even rely on it for a source of fuel? To even charge your car during school. Credibility Material: Being someone that reads and keeps up to date I have read quite a many articles upon the topic of how to do so. Preview of Speech: That is why today I’m going to be covering electric vehicles, their benefits to us as well as the planet, and how they work. ( Link: Let’s start by looking at what they are.) Body EV’s are cars that are fully powered by electricity and can be rechargedRead Moreelectric cars1570 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Electric cars vs the gas oh line cars In the next ten years what the average American drives will be very different than today. Electric cars may phase out gasoline (Gasoline is also known as petrol) in the next couple of decade. Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions and are much cheaper to fill up than the more common gasoline vehicles. Switching to electric cars will have more benefits than drawbacks in comparison to other fuels such as petrol and diesel. In order to switch to electricRead MoreDriverless Cars779 Words   |  4 PagesDriverless cars are fast becoming reality. Just as computers did, driverless cars will change the way we live. And like any other innovation, it would free up time for more creative thinking. In recent years, we have seen small improvements to our cars, making them more automated. Bluetooth and GPS play a big role while driving our cars. GPS will navigate for us without using a map, and Bluetooth allows us to go hands free to concentrate on driving. So, is a fully autonomous car good or badRead MoreElectirc Car1813 Words   |  8 PagesTimeline: History of the Elec tric Car 1832-1839 Scottish  inventor  Robert Anderson invents the first crude electric carriage powered by non-rechargeable primary cells. 1835 American Thomas Davenport is credited with building the first practicalelectric vehicle  -- a small locomotive. 1859 French physicist Gaston Plantà © invents the rechargeable lead-acid storage battery. In 1881, his countryman Camille Faure will improve the storage batterys ability to supply current and invent the basicRead MoreThe Autonomous Car1509 Words   |  7 Pagesyour car and simply typing in your desired destination, and then reclining your seat to watch a movie or text a friend. During this time, the car is basically driving itself. Well, soon this may be possible this invention is called an autonomous car. An autonomous car, or driverless/ robotic car, is a car that is designed to drive without human interference. Essentially, drivers can program their destination into the car’s GPS system and then sit back and relax. Some of the world’s largest car companies

Comparison of Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and...

Comparison of Edgar A. Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and Stephen Kings Misery Introduction The objective of this study is to compare Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and Stephen Kings Misery. Poes work entitled The Tell-Tale Heart begins with the statement: TRUE! nervous very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses --not destroyed --not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily --how calmly I can tell you the whole story. (Poe, 1843) Poe states that he does not know how he first acquired the idea but that once it had entered into his mind that the idea overtook him. He had no reason for what he had done and in fact, he loved the old man and the old man had never done anything wrong to him. The old man had no material possessions he wanted however, Poe states: I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture a pale blue eye, with a film over it. (Poe, 1843) Poe states that when that eye looked towards him that his blood ran cold, and so by degrees very gradually I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. (Poe, 1843) Stephen Kings work entitled Misery begins by stating the following: When you look into the abyss, the abyss also looks into you. C.

The Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane - 917 Words

Growing Up From Boys to Men Symbols and themes play a major role in novels. The symbols and themes can help with getting a better understanding in novels. One novel that has many symbols is The Red Badge Of Courage. The author of this novel is Stephen Crane and the genre is historical fiction. In the novel the main character is Henry Fleming. Henry is also known as The Youth. Henry joins the Union in the Civil War. Henry joined the army to have glory. When Henry first gets on the battle field he is scared, but he overcomes his fears. Another novel that has many symbols and themes is A Separate Peace. The author is John Knowles and the genre of the book is a novel. The main character is Gene Forrester. Gene has a friend named Finny. Gene†¦show more content†¦Henry eventually gets his red badge of courage by getting hit in the head with a rifle. In Knowle’s novel, the symbol is the giant tree on the Devon campus. The giant tree represents fears and obstacles of boys gro wing to be men. When Gene was younger the giant tree always gave him chills, because that is where his friend Finny fell and broke his leg. Finny died because of the broken leg. Gene visits Devon Boarding School around 15 years later. This time Gene is grown and in his mid thirties. Gene notices the huge tree that gave him chills when he was younger. This time when Gene saw the huge tree it seemed not as big as he expected it to be. The tree did not bring as much chills neither. It is easy to infer that the giant tree brought a little discomfort to him because that is where his friend broke his leg. When Gene arrived at the school he saw the giant tree and said â€Å" This was the tree, and it seemed to me standing there to resemble those men, the giants of your childhood, whom you encounter years later and find that they are not merely smaller in relation to your growth, but that they are absolutely smaller, shrunken by age. In this double demotion the old giants have become pigmi es while you were looking the other way† (Knowles 14). The tree represents fears and obstacles, because the giants can be scary. The giants also can get in the way of your life. A theme from the novel is how effective memories can be. The memories thatShow MoreRelatedThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane1840 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Stephen Crane was considered one of America’s most influential realist writers. Crane was born on November 1, 1871, in Newark, New Jersey. He was the 14th and last child of Mary Crane, who was a writer/suffragist, and Reverend Jonathan Crane, a Methodist Episcopal minister. Crane spent less than two years as college student, between going to Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, and then to Syracuse University in upper state New York. After college, Crane moved to Patterson, NewRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Novel, The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, is about a Union Regiment during the civil war that is stationed along a riverbank. Henry Flemming is a newcomer who is bothered about his bravery because there is a rumor the regiment is going to go to battle. The only reason Henry was drawn to enlist was because he wanted to become a war hero. The main conflict is internal. When Henry has to go into battle and risk his life, he realizes that there is no turning back, and he could not runRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane1840 Words   |  8 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Red Badge of Courage as Satire   Ã‚  Ã‚   Stephen Crane once said â€Å"Let a thing become a tradition, and it becomes half a lie† (Maggie, A Girl of the Streets 230).   This sentiment proves true in how he describes the tradition of heroism in his novel The Red Badge of Courage.   While Crane writes what is considered to be one of the most important novels about the Civil War, his views on the war and the heroics of those fighting the war are mostly critical.   Like Ernest Hemingway, Crane writes aRead MoreRed Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane1820 Words   |  8 Pagesauthors is Stephen Crane, whose The Red Badge of Courage depicted the war from the eyes of a common soldier, Henry. Crane uses Henry and the setting of the Battle of Chancellorsville to accurately depict the Civil War in all its brutality. In Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane shows a unique perspective on the true nature of war, both physically and mentally, by graphically depicting war both through the setting and through the po int of view of Henry and his comrades, thusly making Crane a true historicalRead MoreThe Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane1809 Words   |  7 PagesRED BADGE OF COURAGE BY STEPHEN CRANE â€Å"The Red Badge of Courage† written by Stephen THE Crane was a great example of the works that the author penned. Stephen Crane was born in New Jersey on November 1, 1871. Crane was the youngest of fourteen children and attend a few different preparatory schools and colleges before deciding that he wanted to be a journalist and an author. He wrote first of things that had happened in New York City, but once he decided for sure that this was what he wantedRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Red Badge of Courage† is a story written by Stephen Crane. The events of â€Å"The Red Badge of Courage† took place in Chancellorsville, Virginia, happening during a course of a couple days in May of 1863. It takes place in the Battle of Chancellorsville on a field of battle during the Civil War on a field of battle. â€Å"The Red Badge of Courage† is a story of a teenager named Henry Fleming, who hopes of fulfilling his dreams of glory. He enlists in the Union army, with lots of fear and doubts. HoweverRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pageswriting. It is through an author’s ability to make a character come to life and seem human that they either succeed or fail in this venture. In the Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane, Crane is able to create a character that succeeds at this highly. Despite times in the novel where Crane’s character appears to act without any virtue at all, Crane is able to humanize him and eventually he turns into a role model for readers. The novel opens with Crane’s character, Henry Fleming, sitting in hisRead MoreThe Badge of Red Courage by Stephen Crane653 Words   |  3 PagesThe Red Badge of Courage Stephen Crane wrote The Red Badge of Courage thirty years after the Civil War had already taken place. I found this book confusing at first with all of the flashbacks, it had throughout the story, but as the book progressed I found it interesting with all of the details he used. I felt like I was in the war myself; he is a descriptive author. If I was going to suggest this book to other readers, I would tell them to be patient because it seems to be very confusing in theRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Novel, The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, is about a Union Regiment during the civil war that is stationed along a riverbank. Henry Flemming is a newcomer who is bothered about his bravery because there is a rumor the regiment is going to go to battle. The only reason Henry was drawn to enlist was because he wanted to become a war hero. The main conflict is internal. When Henry has to go into battle and risk his life, he rea lizes that there is no turning back, and he could not runRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage By Stephen Crane1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, is a fictional novel that portrays the Civil War through the life of Henry Fleming, a young soldier. The reader follows Henry’s coming of age story through a strand of events and choices. The fashion in which Crane develops Henry’s story, is by using distinctive literary techniques to establish the theme of courage throughout the novel. Henry, as the main character, would not have developed over the course of the novel without Crane’s use of courage. One

Piaget s Theory On Stages Of Developmental Psychology

Rebecca Biddle Mrs. Rufino English 101 9 December, 2015 Piaget Today â€Å"Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be.† ― Toni Sorenson Jean Piaget was a leader in the field of developmental psychology, the study of how people grow. Instead of continuing the Freud s work with psychoanalysis, as many psychologists and philosophers did at the time, Piaget stayed â€Å"closer to his teacher Pierre Janet s psychology† (Vidal) Best known for his theory on stages of cognitive development, Piaget was a great innovator and set up the foundation for today’s psychology and education. Working with children from the early 1920s to the late 1970s, Piaget discovered that there are four stages of mental development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations (â€Å"Jean Piaget†). Each stage is defined by what a child is or is not able to do, as well as specific milestone accomplishments. Beginning at the sensorimotor stage, the focus of cognitive development for children from birth to age 2 is to â€Å"distinguish themselves from the objects around them.† The main accomplishment of this stage is for the child to develop object constancy. When first born, children are unable to recognize or understand that when an object is not in sight, it still exists (TB.) This is what makes playing peek-a-boo with very young children so effective; once the person’s faceShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory On Stages Of Developmental Psychology1180 Words   |  5 Pages Piaget Today Rebecca Biddle English 101 Mrs. Rufino 17 December 2015 Rebecca Biddle Mrs. Rufino English 101 9 December, 2015 Piaget Today â€Å"Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be.† ― Toni Sorenson Jean Piaget was a leader in the field of developmental psychology, the study of how people grow. Instead of continuing the Freud s work with psychoanalysis, as manyRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Piaget is a well-renowned twentieth century scholar responsible for the development of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. 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According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. 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Construction Projects

Question: Write an essay on Construction projects. Answer: Construction projects have affected our modern society. I have noticed that the customers have some doubt about the operations of the construction companies. It has been observed that construction companies often face criticism for the inefficiencies of their outcomes such as time, poor quality, cost, low productivity, and low satisfaction of the customers. I have observed that the clients have proposed to change the operations of the construction companies. The clients deal with procurement to determine the responsibilities of authorities. I have found that the construction companies have revised their responsibilities such as construction process, affecting rate of the customers, degree of integration and cooperation among the project participants. The construction company has observed the requirements of the vital improvement area such as relationship, buying process and contribution of the construction companies. I have seen that the procurement procedures need to improve the ful fillment of the different project performance objectives. The customers have started to choose the procurement process based on the excellent knowledge and tradition of using raw materials. The issues of the construction companies are related to the procurement procedures. I have observed the investigation process and the entire process are focused on certain procurement functions regarding factors which have affected a few project outcomes. The construction companies have implemented the systematic approach for achieving the successful governance construction projects. Analysis: I have found three success criteria of the construction company such as cost, quality and time. I have found that the construction companies have implemented the iron triangle to focus on the short term performance which is critical for the clients. I agreed with that strategy because the organizations have succeed after using that strategy. I appreciate that the development of the organization is vital. The construction companies have implemented constantly successful projects. The projects were important for the corporate prospective. I think that the construction companies would gain competitive advantage through the long term and sustainable development strategy. I feel the construction company has to observe the objectives of the stakeholders. It would help them to sustain in the competitive market. I have observed that the construction organization has considered the three additional performances aspects such as environmental impact, work environment and innovation. The constru ction companies have been considered as a main contributor for the environment issues. The construction company has created a poor work environment record. Moreover, it has been observed that construction companies have faced health and safety issues in the work place thereafter. The procurement procedures of construction companies have been affected by the project performance. My suggestion to the construction company would be to create possible choices in the design stages. I think that the constriction companies need to implement the relationship between the design stages choices and the performance of the project. I have noticed that the construction companies have implemented the strategy for improving the project performance of the organization such as environmental impact, cost, time, quality, innovation work and environment. In reality, the construction companies have to plan for participating in the tendering process. My special suggestion to the construction companies would be to make note of the tendering process because it is very time consuming. I think that the construction companies have to apply the negotiation strategy for acquiring the government tenders. LEARNING: I have understood the relationship between the selection choices of the subcontractor and the performance of the project which has improved the operation of the construction companies. The suppliers and the subcontractors have preformed 70% to 80% of the operation of the construction company. Therefore the construction event has been able to maintain factors such as cost, time, quality, environmental impact, innovation to satisfy the customers and work environment. the construction companies have implemented different payment methods such as online transaction and cashless payment. If I shall be the chief executive of a construction company, I shall implement the fixed price methods for the business. I shall implement good relationship between the payment choices and performance of the project. I shall suggest to the higher management of my company to implement the corrective tools such as partnering facilitator, joint risk management, joint office building, partnering agreement, joi nt objectives, joint IT-tools, and team building activities. I will never change attitudes, behavior, processes and values in the win-win situation because I am sure that the company will fulfill the goal. I am sure that the success criteria will influence the joint objectives which in turn will improve the project performance. If not then I shall implement the joint IT tools to enhance the integration and communication in running projects and future projects because it will improve financial performance. Reference list: Lee, C.K.M., Danping Lin, and Rohan Pasari. 2014. "Strategic Procurement From Forward Contract And Spot Market".Industr Mngmnt Data Systems114 (5): 778-796. doi:10.1108/imds-07-2013-0308. Mpeera Ntayi, Joseph, Pascal Ngoboka, Isaac Ndahiro, and Sarah Eyaa. 2013. "Leadership Ethical Orientations, Mindfulness And Procurement Contract Performance In The COMESA Central Governments".World Journal Of Entrepreneurship, Management And Sustainable Development9 (2/3): 87-110. doi:10.1108/wjemsd-02-2013-0020. Olatunji, Oluwole Alfred. 2014. "Views On Building Information Modelling, Procurement And Contract Management".Proceedings Of The ICE - Management, Procurement And Law167 (3): 117-126. doi:10.1680/mpal.13.00011. Oluka, Pross N. and Benon C. Basheka. 2014. "Determinants And Constraints To Effective Procurement Contract Management In Uganda: A Practitioner's Perspective".International Journal Of Logistics Systems And Management17 (1): 104. doi:10.1504/ijlsm.2014.057983. Samuel, Don. 2014. "Predicting Significant Contract Risks At The Tender Evaluation Stage".Proceedings Of The ICE - Management, Procurement And Law167 (2): 100-107. doi:10.1680/mpal.13.00048. Theodorakopoulos, Nicholas, Monder Ram, and Nada Kakabadse. 2014. "Procedural Justice In Procurement Management And Inclusive Interorganizational Relations: An Institutional Perspective".Brit J Manage26 (2): 237-254. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12071.