Mechanomyography (MMG) :: essays research papers

MMG essentially expressed, is the sound that reverberates from the muscle during an invigorated constriction. The demonstration of pulling on an instructed string and giving up has been identified with model the sound produced by the muscle. This sound can be brought about by the cycling of the actin myosin cross scaffolds, or maybe by the gross sidelong move of the muscle, or possibly the concise stun created by the thickening of a few dynamic muscle strands. These are three of the speculation that attempt to represent the sound produced from the muscle. The specific reason for mechanomyography is yet to be resolved, however there are a couple of characteristics that can be represented. It is comprehended that ‘the muscle sound is identified with muscle movement and its properties are identified with the properties of the contraction.’ (8) The principle recurrence of MMG is 25 Hertz, British physicist, scientist, and doctor William Wollaston decided this. This can be as cribed to the ATP turnover rate. ATP can hydrolyze and restored at a pace of about 40msec, which converts into 25Hertz. (8,10)      The MMG sign can be recorded utilizing an assortment of transducers. One is the piezoelectric precious stone contact sensor (mouthpiece). A few specialists have utilized a hydrophone in considers when the muscle was lowered in water in vivo, others have utilized condensers.(11) It will be talked about later a portion of the contrasts between the sorts.      Factors that impact the MMG sign can incorporate solidness of the muscle, liquid in an around the muscle, temperature of the tissue, fiber type, sexual orientation, method and gear utilized, sort of compression performed, measure of exhaustion, and cross talk between muscles.      Stiffness can modify the MMG by bringing down the abundancy. As the muscle creates a more prominent power the solidness of the muscle increments directly with the power increment. At the point when subject arrives at 80 †100% of MVC this firmness can make the abundancy of the sign abatement because of the combination of engine unit jerks, which will confine the oscillation.(2) This solidness can likewise be ascribed when discussing the various sorts of withdrawal.      Types of withdrawal have been appeared to incite changed measures of pinnacle torque. Unpredictable types of compression evoke more prominent power creation than that of concentric. This could cause a more prominent solidness in the muscle during whimsical constrictions, which could bring down the MMG. Additionally there is the instrument behind the constriction that could be the factor.

Bis Corporation Essay

Set up a composed report with the outcomes sorted out in tables. Present your task to me by means of email by the cutoff time. In your email ought to remember your composed report for pdf position and your Excel execution. Join the two reports to your email independently, don't pack the two into a file document, for example zip, rar, 7z. This can be attempted as a gathering task or you may decide to work independently. You may function as a group of limit of 4 understudies. Critical focuses will be deducted on the off chance that you neglect to adhere to the above directions, submit just an Excel archive, or present crafted by another person. Bis Corporation Review the Bis Corporation model shrouded in class. SKUs are totaled into 3 gatherings. Clients are amassed into 25 gatherings. Undertaking information is transferred as an Excel exercise manual. In this exercise manual SKU bunches worth, volume and weight information are given. Month to month request AVG and STD esteems for every client bunch are given in SKUs. Thruway separations between every single Turkish city are given. The separations in the slanting of the lattice compares to the normal separation of two focuses (for example production line stockroom or distribution center client) inside a similar city. There are two production lines: Kocaeli plant produces S01 and S02 bunches just, Adana plant produces S03 bunch as it were. Stockroom boundaries and yearly fixed expenses are given. Inbound transportation is done on semi-trailer trucks, outbound transportation on normal trucks. There two choices to be looked at: A1 with 2 stockrooms and A2 with 5 distribution centers. a) Calculate and present in a table inbound and outbound unit cost of transportation of each SKU gathering. For each SKU gathering and truck type first discover whether the truck limit (number of SKUs that can be stacked) is constrained by volume or weight. At that point utilize the heap factor to compute what number of SKUs can be stacked by and large. At that point figure the expense of moving one SKU to a separation of 100km. b) For elective A1 ascertain month to month costs. Compute the month to month outbound transportation costs for every client gathering and SKU gathering. Figure the month to month inbound expense of moving SKUs from plants stockrooms. Compute the normal stock levels at each distribution center by volume and worth. Figure the necessary stockroom limits and afterward which distribution center decision will be made. At that point locate the comparing stockroom fixed cost (convert it into a month to month cost). Ascertain the month to month holding expenses and taking care of expenses at each stockroom. At last ascertain the month to month all out expense as the whole all things considered. c) Repeat part (b) for elective A2.

Being a Carpenter Free Essays

The subject on which this paper will be is carpentry. This paper will incorporate numerous realities of carpentry, and approaches to turn into a craftsman. This paper will likewise educate how much the profit are in your locale/territory. We will compose a custom paper test on Being a Carpenter or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now These compositions will likewise incorporate what a craftsman is and does. Moreover, the paper incorporates the working conditions and hours of a woodworker. The emphasis will be on the profession of a woodworker and the three different ways to get vital preparing. Being a craftsman involves a few work exercises. A portion of the basic work exercises are controlling machines and processors. Something a woodworker likewise does is study blue prints. Something else woodworkers do is format, measure, and cut wood. Craftsmen do the entirety of their work with their hands. Woodworkers likewise fix and investigate harmed portions of structures and structures. On the off chance that you’re a woodworker you have to perform exercises that utilization your entire body and your creative mind. Craftsmen additionally should have the option to encourage others and gauge sizes. Finishing and completing wood is additionally an aptitude woodworkers ought to have (â€Å"Carpenters†). In this manner these are the vast majority of the things that a craftsman does. A woodworker faces extremely intense work conditions. A portion of these working conditions incorporate generally working outside or inside without cooling or warmth. These working conditions are additionally confined and you are constantly presented to concoction vapor and solvents. When you’re a craftsman you will likewise consistently be presented to high places by moving up stepping stools to tops of houses which you’re fixing. Woodworkers are presented to uproarious clamors which can be irritating and awkward. On the off chance that your estimations are not careful, somebody may get harmed. Woodworkers may get back, arms, or leg issues because of rehashing the equivalent physical action over and over. They additionally need to work more days and more hours in the late spring when the climate is acceptable. One awful thing about craftsmen is that they normally need to show up on Saturday or Sunday so as to comply with time constraints. You generally need to work at a few diverse places of work and it might be for a while (â€Å"Carpenters†). Despite the fact that these are exceptionally testing working conditions it will pay off over the long haul. A craftsman needs numerous aptitudes and capacities. While being a woodworker you have to convey by tuning in to other people and posing inquiries. You should likewise have the option to utilize math and science to take care of an issue. You should be exceptionally aware of notice when somebody is accomplishing something inaccurately and you should have the option to decide people’s qualities and shortcomings. Craftsmen should have the option to appraise cost and time of a vocation (â€Å"Carpenters†). All in all, an individual must have these aptitudes to be a craftsman. Wages of carpenter’s change contingent upon a few variables. Elements incorporate the quantity of hours craftsmen spend at work. Craftsmen can acquire $48,550 to $78,710 in Hawaii with the middle pay at $65,830. Over the remainder of the United States craftsmen can win $30,410 To $53,580 yearly, with the middle compensation at $39,470 (â€Å"Carpenters†). In this way, these are on the whole the advantages and wages which craftsmen get when working all day. There is truly necessary preparing to be a craftsman beginning in secondary school is significant in anticipation of the field of carpentry. A few courses to take in secondary school can be outline perusing and carpentry. Some different classes incorporate development, drafting, and carpentry. Carpentry would be fantastic in light of the fact that woodworkers consistently work with wood as their activity. Physical Education is additionally a significant class to take since you should be fit as a fiddle and have the option to lift in any event seventy pounds. Woodworkers who need to go into business should take a few classes including the accompanying enterprise, bookkeeping, and business. You should be in any event seven-teenager with a secondary school degree or G. E. D. also, you should breeze through an industry assessment (â€Å"Carpenters†). In this way on the off chance that you can finish this preparation you can be a craftsman. There are numerous schools that offer courses to turn into a craftsman. A portion of these schools are; New England Institute of Technology, University of Hawaii: Honolulu Community College, and Hudson Valley Community College. These schools offer the projects to turn into a woodworker. The main school is named Hudson Valley Community College; which is situated in Troy, New York. Troy is a little city of around 50,000 to 249,999 individuals in it. The passage prerequisites are thirty-dollars for an application and a secondary school degree or comparability. The educational cost will contrast since most schools are less expensive for inhabitants of that state. The expense for in-state educational cost is $3,978, and the educational cost for an out-of-state understudy will be $10,778. Different expenses to factor in however are books, supplies, and residences. The books and supplies will come out to about $550 and an expected $300 for individual costs. Residences are likewise an extra $6,300. The chief of confirmations Mary Bauer can be reached at the number (877)325-4822 or faxed at the number (518)629-4576 and the location of the school is 80 Vandenburgh Avenue Troy, NY 12180 (â€Å"Hudson Valley Community College†). This is one of the schools that can assist somebody with turning into a woodworker. The following school is called New England Institute of Technology. This school is a territorially certify co-ed multi year specialized school, which is situated in New England. The main prerequisites are twenty-five dollars for an application, a secondary school degree or identicalness, and a meeting. The education cost is $18,815 for all through state understudies. It is an expected $1,280 for books and supplies and it is $7,135 for a room or quarters. A reality about this grounds is that it will be it is eighty-three percent men and seventeen percent lady. Imprint Blondin, the Director of Admissions can be called at (401)467-7744 or situated at 2500 Post Road Warkick, RI. (â€Å"New England Institute of Technology†). This school will likewise assist you with turning into a craftsman. The last school is University of Hawaii: Honolulu Community College. Honolulu Community College is situated in Honolulu, Hawaii; it is an enormous urban setting of more than 500,000 individuals. The prerequisites to get in the school are twenty-five dollars for an application and you don't require a secondary school certificate. The educational cost for this school is $2,670, the books are $773, and a room is $7,447. Some cool realities about this school are that you can join different clubs and it is near a sea shore. The confirmations advisor; Funai Grace who is situated at 874 Dillingham Boulevard Honolulu, HI 96817 or you can call her at (808)845-9129. (â€Å"University of Hawaii: Honolulu Community College†). Thus, this school is a less expensive school and it’s near the sea shore. All in all, this paper included numerous realities of carpentry, and approaches to turn into a woodworker. This paper likewise incorporated some intriguing realities and expenses of schools. The paper likewise incorporated a few things about what resembles to be a woodworker, what you have to do, and how to turn into a real craftsman. Step by step instructions to refer to Being a Carpenter, Papers

The Enlightenment Free Essays

The Enlightenment BY unet193 World Literature The Enlightenment’s Impact on the Modern World The Enlightenment, Age of Reason, started in the late seventeenth and eighteenth century. This was a period in Europe and America when humankind was rising up out of hundreds of years of obliviousness into another age illuminated by reason, science, and regard for mankind. This period advanced logical idea, doubters, and scholarly trade: excusing odd notion, narrow mindedness, and for a few, religion. We will compose a custom article test on The Enlightenment or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Western Europe, Germany, France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies for the most part impacted the period of reason. Following the Renaissance, science and soundness was the cutting edge of this age. The illumination came as a wave all through Europe, radically changing the way of life. The writing of time mirrored this thought. Writers, for example, Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were torchbearers of this time, composing Enlightenment writing and theory. The Enlightenment was the front line for present day writing and changed the manner in which individuals saw and cooperated with the world, without it society today would not be the equivalent. The thoughts of the Enlightenment have had a drawn out significant effect on the way of life, legislative issues, and administrations of the Western universes. English scholar John Locke’s standards of strict resilience, the detachment of chapel and state, and the implicit agreement, for example, incredibly impacted the Founding Fathers of the United States as they arranged their new nation. Locke’s thought of an implicit understanding, which Rousseau specifically created, was likewise vital in France both when the French Revolution. Popularity based foundations were in presence somewhat in England, Switzerland, and the United Province of the Netherlands when Rousseau expounded his implicit agreement. Huge numbers of the thoughts that the rationalists created are characteristic for present day just society, and they were frequently evolved with the expectation of making such a general public. Note that Enlightenment masterminds were by all account not the only wellspring of such thoughts. These are just two of numerous instances of how these thoughts impacted later occasions. Actually, these three nations were significant places for printing and conversation, despite the fact that a significant part of the conversation was about how to change the oppressive society in France; French outcasts, including both Rousseau and Voltaire, took efuge in these nations when the French state looked to quiet them. The eighteenth century was a period, which saw a noteworthy development of information in the domain of the common world. Related to the rising philosophical enquiry of the Enlightenment, men of science started to explore far reaching convictions about the structure of the universe, and even the sort of information that was feasible for the human brain to comprehend. A large number of the Enlightenment essayists had a foundation in technical studies, or an eagerness to direct logical examinations. Adam Smith, US delegate and scholar states, Science is the incredible remedy to the toxic substance of eagerness and odd notion. (Smith) Like numerous he accepted that so as to clear the brain ot talse odd notion and tocus on the genuine idea of a human science was vital. A remarkable adversary was Rousseau, he accepted that science prompted the removing of humanity from nature and frequently neutralized the improvement and advancement of people. The spread of science in the eighteenth cent ury was improved by the quantities of logical social orders and foundations which had begun to develop in the earlier century and which, in eneral, acknowledged â€Å"Newtonianism† over the Cartesian framework. It ought to be noted, nonetheless, that science was not a term regularly utilized by Enlightenment masterminds; the utilization of common way of thinking shows that it was initially thought about as a line of enquiry that mutual contact focuses with moral way of thinking and epistemology. The savants by and large preferred lessening government authority over the market, which we call â€Å"laissez-faire† financial aspects. The most conspicuous school of free enterprise scholars in France were the physiocrats, who accepted that the main genuine ource of national riches was horticulture. An unhampered gracefully of grain in France would be a methods for expanding absolute yield. In 1776 Adam Smith distributed The Wealth of Nations, which advances comparative thoughts. Smith was to some degree not the same as the physiocrats, however, in light of the fact that he accepted that work and the market were the prime makers of riches. Smith contends â€Å"The most noteworthy improvement in the profitable forces of work, and most of the aptitude, skill, and Judgment with which it is anyplace coordinated, or applied, appear to have been the impacts of the division of abour. (Smith) He accepts work for one claims achievement is the most ideal approach to work, not riches dependent on social standings. In making these contentions, both the physiocrats and Adam Smith struck at the hold that the privileged was attempting to keep up on the economy. Locke concurs, â€Å"All riches is the result of labor† The free enterprise financial experts accepted that riches ought not b e kept to one class. As explained in France, in this way, the contention for free enterprise financial matters was a contention that the old system ought to be abrogated and supplanted with a progressively equivalent reason for ociety. Most writing was true to life, which implies it depended on certainty instead of being made up by the author’s creative mind. Its points were to train, to illuminate, and to make individuals think. Immanuel Kant, German logician, states â€Å"Two things motivate me to stunningness: the brilliant sky above and the ethical universe inside. â€Å"(Kant) He clarifies the kind of miracle and motivation found in the writing of the Enlightenment age Two of the essential focuses of basic assessment during the Enlightenment were governments and strict specialists. These calls for change ere raised by probably the most smooth journalists ever, with the end goal that the Enlightenment is otherwise called the brilliant period of parody. The two driving figures of Enlightenment parody are Voltaire (in French) and Swift (in English). Voltaire struggled numerous types of foul play, including strict and political separation, subjective detainment, and torment. He is known principally for his numerous philosophical and mocking works, including books, short stories, and articles. His perfect work of art is the novel Gulliver’s Travels, an expansive assessment of morals, governmental issues, and society confined in arrangement of incredible undertakings. During the late seventeenth century, France waxed as the incomparable political and social intensity of Europe. Traditional French writing thrived particularly as dramatization. French catastrophe crested in progress of Jean Racine, while Moliere, otten considered the best ot every French producer, accomplished the apex of French parody. While antiquated and medieval journalists created books, the structure got phenomenal consideration in current occasions. Developmental age novel composing thrived basically in Spanish, French, English, and German. As the novel didn't accomplish its incomparable situation until the nineteenth century, authors of the developmental age are commonly less noticeable than other artistic fgures, specifically writers and playwrights. Regardless, a rundown of the principal writers of the developmental age will be endeavored here: in Spanish, Cervantes; Defoe’s chief work, Robinson Crusoe, is likely the most generally recognizable novel of the whole developmental age. These thoughts, works, and standards of the Enlightenment would keep on influencing Europe and the remainder of the Western world for a considerable length of time and even hundreds of years to come. About each hypothesis or truth that is held in present day science has an establishment in the Enlightenment; Yet it isn't just the information accomplished during the Enlightenment that makes the period so pivotal†it’s likewise the era’s weighty and persevering new ways to deal with examination, thinking, and critical thinking that make it so significant. albeit some may have been oppressed for their new thoughts, it all things considered became undeniable that idea had the ability to impel genuine change. Much the same as math or organized commerce, the very idea of opportunity of articulation needed to originate from some place, and it too had firm roots in the Enlightenment. The most effective method to refer to The Enlightenment, Papers

A class trip to remember Essay Example

A class excursion to recall Essay Example A class excursion to recall Essay A class excursion to recall Essay Loaning pleasant introduction from our classification excursion would be the extraordinary test to complete a collection, which is the photomontage and part of bundle of our portfolio task. We arranged in advance the excursion to Damai Puri Resort and came out with a rundown of fascinating exercises and gear that we will hold to pass on along. Out of viewpoint, it was only the beginning of the fiasco that we could neer imagine. The classification trip was cheerfulness, paramount, and satisfying. The twenty-four hours of the outing started as regular yet it was fun bounty for us. The cardinal issue of the outing was the travel to the area. We have insufficient spending plan and could just rent a little new wave. At that point, a few of us had no pick and had to carpool in Bryan’s auto. We had a happiness siting trip with some games and singing some turning vocals in the auto. At that point, Yasmin raised a hot treatment subject and we all had some good times cut bantering over each other’s articulation. Not long from that point onward, the door of Damai Puri Resort is only right in forepart of us. When we showed up toward the completion, we in a flash settle down in the lodging. The mentor siting presented to us a life-changing recollections and we had appreciated the best moment, bite the destining, singing father vocals and express joying together. I saw that we were at that point fortified and actually gathered. We so took our first gathering presentation on the sea shore. By along these lines, we were separated into gatherings to mess about. Damai is so a cheerfulness topographic point for out-of-entryway exercises and the position is magnificent, one that we could neer cover. In any case, the conditions was exceptionally hot and was unacceptable for exercises on the sea shore. So a few of us have chosen to drench into the pool and just chilling around. Some different misss who were non intrigued to swim chosen to hold their misss talk under the coconut trees. The scenes were pa ramount. From that point forward, it was tied in with flushing. We have chosen to watch the dusk on the sea shore, it was so excellent. Similarly, we delighted in the solid air ebb and flow blows, the coconut middle up, I shut my eyes and tuned in to the slacken uping sound of ocean moving edges. It was such a satisfying moment. By six o’clock, we all were depleted. We were at that point craving yet it is still long to our grill supper. A few of us demanded to take the early supper at the cardinal supplement council. The individuals who battled famishment went at that place for their initial supper while the commission were caught up with fixing the grill dim for the others. During the preparing of the supper, Celine, one of the commission, yelled. Clearly, she neglected to pass on the essential hardware and we could non hotel to our program without it. The misss were kicking and battle emerged. The commissions were blaming each other too much. In the interim, another class were other than holding the grill supper close by. At that minute, the most intelligent felines in our classification, Julius came out with an idea, which was to get the hardware from them after their feasting. Luckily, the idea worked really great. Despite the fact that the grill turned into our dinner yet we despite everything relax of it. To summarize the excursion encounters, I would use the words: important, extraordinary and cheerfulness! In any case, our gathering head was sensibly disturbed about the battles. There are ever high points and low points throughout our life and I trust she is done saddening, I other than trust that we will hold another excursion together and I will unequivocally elect to be the pioneer to pass on up the delight to everybody.

King Lear Essays (1107 words) - King Lear, Goneril, Regan, Cordelia

Ruler Lear Ruler lear Assignment English OAC Shakespeare's disaster King Lear is an itemized portrayal of the outcomes of small time's choices. This invented man is Lear, King of England, who's choices extraordinarily change his life and the lives of everyone around him. As Lear bears the status of King he is, as one anticipates, a man of extraordinary force however corruptly he gives up the entirety of this capacity to his girls as a compensation for their showing of affection towards him. This less than ideal abandonment of his honored position brings about a chain response of occasions that send him through an excursion of damnation. Lord Lear is a figurative portrayal of one man's excursion through a lot of hardship so as to appease his transgression. As the play opens one can very quickly observe that Lear starts to commit errors that will in the end bring about his defeat. The absolute first words that he expresses in the play are :- ...Give me the guide there. Realize that we have isolated In three our realm, and 'tis our quick goal To shake all considerations and business from our age, Presenting them on more youthful qualities while we Unburdened slither to death... (Act I, Sc I, Ln 38-41) This gives the peruser the main sign of Lear's plan to renounce his position of royalty. He goes on further to offer bits of his realm to his girls as a type of remuneration to his trial of affection. Extraordinary adversaries in our most youthful little girl's affection, Long in our court have made their loving visit, What's more, here are to be replied. Let me know, my little girls (Since now we will strip us both of rule, Enthusiasm of domain, cares of state), Which of you will we say doth love us most? That we our biggest abundance may expand where nature doth with merit challenge. (Act I, Sc I, Ln 47-53) This is the first and generally noteworthy of the numerous transgressions that he makes in this play. By abandoning his royal position to fuel his self image he is upsets the extraordinary chain of being which expresses that the King must not challenge the position that God has given him. This sabotaging of God's power brings about confusion that destroys Lear's reality. Leaving him, at long last, with nothing. Following this Lear starts to exile everyone around him that really care for him as at this stage he can't see past the veil that the wickedness wear. He exiles Kent, a steadfast hireling to Lear, and his most youthful also, already most adored little girl Cordelia. This outcomes in Lear encircle himself with individuals who just wish to utilize him which leaves him entirely helpless assault. This is decisively what occurs also, it is through this that he finds his wrongs and changes them. Following the submitting of his wrongdoings, Lear gets deserted also, offended from his realm which makes him free craziness. While lost in his pain and self centeredness the idiot is acquainted with manage Lear back to the normal world and to help discover the lear that was ounce lost behind a hundred Knights yet now is out in the open what's more, terrified like a little youngster. The way that Lear has now been pushed out from behind his Knights is significantly spoken to by him really being out on the yards of his palace. The frightened little youngster that is currently unsheltered is drastically depicted by Lear's abrupt craziness and his fury and outrage is seen through the deafening climate that is being experienced. The entirety of this adds to the enduring of Lear because of the gross sins that he has submitted. The apex of this hellfire that is experienced be Lear all together to reimburse his wrongdoings is toward the finish of the play when Cordelia is murdered. Lear says this before he himself bites the dust as he can't live without his little girl. Cry, wail, cry! O, you are men of stones. Had I your tongues and eyes, I'd use them so That paradise's vault should split. She's gone for ever! I know when one is dead, and when one lives. She's dead as earth. Loan me a mirror. In the event that that her breath will fog or stain the stone, Why, at that point she lives. (Act V, Sc iii, Ln 306-312) The entirety of this torment Lear endured is followed back to the single most significant mistake that he made. The decision to surrender his royal position. This one sin has demonstrated to have gigantic repercussions upon Lear and the lives of everyone around him in the long run murdering practically those who were included. Also, one is left to inquire one's self in the event that a solitary wrong turn can do this to Lear, at that point what troublesome corner lies ahead

Referee Report Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Due to Diet - Free Essay Example

Initially, when choosing an academic article to read and analyze, I wanted to choose something that I would be really invested in. Throughout my life, my grandfather has battled non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and I wanted to research what are some possible onsets of this disease. Could it possibly be diet? Could it be hereditary? These are questions I intended to answer through my research. At the conclusion of my research, I narrowed my focus to one article, in particular, that used regressions from data collected to show the correlation between diet, among other things, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. â€Å"Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Nitrate and Nitrite From Drinking Water and Diet† by Mary H. Ward, James R. Cerhan, Joanne S. Colt, and Patricia Hartge explores diet and other impurities we consume as humans in Iowa, Detroit, Seattle, and Los Angeles from 1998 to 2000. While this study was initially done to observe nitrite and nitrate levels in water and diet in Iowa, Detroit, Seattle, and Los Angeles, Iowa was the only state observed whose nitrate levels were abnormal relative to the other states. Therefore, the study decided to isolate this state in their research and focus solely on Iowa’s diet and water composition. Nitrate is significant in this area because it is more rural, and most traces of nitrate come from fertilizer, waste, and air pollution. â€Å"This analysis was part of a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma conducted in 4 4 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) centers to investigate the role of environmental exposures in NHL risk.† (375) Water sources with over 70% nitrate levels since 1960 were studied. 117 item food questionnaires were used to determine how the population’s diet played a role in their health. â€Å"Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for the study matching factors, education, and caloric intake.† (375) By the conclusion of the study, it was determined that there was no correlation between drinking water and NHL. There was also no correlation between vitamin c, red meat, and NHL. However, it was concluded that bread and cereal did hold significant value in determining NHL susceptibility. There were many parts of this report that I was able to appreciate. There were a lot of numbers and scientific fact included in the research. This shows me that research was done prior to this and that the review of the research was very thorough. This shows me that this report was not only made for health economists, but scientists and researchers as well. I appreciated the way they used a complete list of residences and the times they lived at these specific residences. They also used very specific dates, different from just a calendar year, to group the population into certain age groups. Data was collected from 28 years prior to when the study was conducted to have a large sample size of data. Every single type of water was examined, from private wells, public water, bottled water, and any other type of water that does not directly fit into one of these categories. (376) Concerning diet, an extensive food questionnaire was put into place that even took dietary and vitamin supplem ent intake into consideration. The focus of the dietary portion of the research was water intake, meat preparation methods, doneness of food/meat, and vegetable intake. Some vegetables have higher nitrate levels than others. (377) It is actually possible to have an increased risk of NHL from too much or too little vitamin C intake. (378) :The use of monitoring data for assessing exposure to nitrate has several limitations. Distribution samples taken at one or more taps quarterly or annually (as is required) may not adequately reflect exposure if there is substantial seasonal or spatial variation.† (381) I was pleased to see that the study was able to address the struggles they faced during research and the shortcomings they may have experienced. Throughout the study, I noticed parts that were not cohesive with the rest of the study or that may have hindered the overall message that it was trying to send so I appreciate the self-reflection on the part of the researchers.  "Our results for NHL in Iowa do not confirm results from our previous study in Nebraska in which NHL risk increased with increasing nitrate levels in public supplies†¦ additional studies of populations with higher exposure levels would be informative.† (382) There was also a study conducted in Nebraska that concluded the exact opposite results so for the researchers to acknowledge that is a step in the right direction for possibly one day correcting their deficiencies and getting an exact result on if these factors correlate to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There were a few parts of the article that I did not like as well. There were many science terms that I was not familiar with. I wish I had more of a science background to be able to understand most of the reactions the article was saying would happen with nitrate and nitrite within the body to be able to form NHL. It required me to pay attention to trends within the numbers instead of actually understanding why things are happening the way they are. I do not like that they only focused on Iowa instead of the other 3 states. I feel like you are cutting out a good chunk of your sample size by negating the data from 3 states just because they were not rural enough. During testing, more women were tested than men were and more whites were tested than other racial groups. Having different genetic make-ups, I feel that only focusing on one gender or racial group would skew the results. The study focused mostly on private wells within Iowa since public water supplies were expected to be controlled as far as water impurities and composition. I feel that th is is an egregious error in assuming and could very well effect the outcome of the results. Increasing nitrite caused an increase in the risk of NHL. Most of this nitrite came from nitrite rich breads and cereals. (380) â€Å"A small percentage of the study population had more than a few years of exposure to nitrate levels.† (380) I do not see how a study can say that it is legitimate if most of the population had even been exposed to nitrate long enough for it to affect their body and possibly give them NHL. â€Å"Our study could not evaluate risk at nitrate levels above the maximum contaminant level due to the lack of historical exposure data for private wells and the infrequent exposure above this level among public water supply users.† (381) This particular research group had done 3 previous tests of the same kind in different geographic locations and the results were all different. (380) That makes me question the validity of the research. As previously stated, I did not understand many of the scientific terms that were used in the research. I also did not understand the 4 pathologic groups that were used in the study: follicular, diffuse, t-cell, and other classifications. It seemed that they wanted to be very specific in certain aspects of the study, such as food questionnaires, but then take shortcuts in other aspects, such as cutting out  ¾ of your sample size by not testing the other states. They focused on NHL cases without HIV in ages 20-74. I am not sure what having HIV has to do with NHL. I would assume these are two very separate diseases and do not correlate at all. This also cutting out your sample size. It was determined that most private wells had no nitrate, some had a bit of nitrate, and only 8 wells had concerning levels of nitrate. (377) This goes against the notion that the other 3 testing areas would not have offered any insight into nitrate levels because the rural area they tested ended up havin g less nitrate than the city. They used unconditional logic regression. I have gone over regressions in Econ Stats and Econometrics but have not encountered this regression yet. Therefore, I was confused as to how this regression is actually used. They also used body mass as a category of the population. I am not sure why this was used because I feel that if you have a higher body mass you will eat or drink more food that potentially contains pollutants, so it will eventually even out and body mass will not have to be taken into account. It is not as if everyone is eating or drinking the same amount. They eat or drink according to their body mass so it does not need to be accounted for. Smoking was introduced halfway into the study and I am not sure why this was not addressed earlier into the study because smoking has shown direct correlations to cancer so this was vital information that needed to be presented to the reader at the beginning of the article. (377) Overall, the effort of the study was there. Intentions were good, but execution could have been better. There was a lot of over focusing on one aspect while not enough focus was placed in other areas. Allocation of resources, labor, and time management could have made this study a lot more effective and worthwhile because ultimately, the conclusion did not yield anything significant since their previous 3 studies all showed different results.